These days we?ve got plenty of ways to visualize data within our cities, from car crashes to Flickr photos. But there aren?t many tools that let us compare information about multiple cities at once?until now. Meet Urban Observatory, a site that compares data from 16 global metropoli.
Source: http://gizmodo.com/you-can-compare-16-cities-35-different-ways-with-this-o-950593096
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Here's a simple question: Why do you weigh more when you go to sleep than when you wake up? Because you do. In the video below, you'll see the evidence. You can check this yourself. Somehow, while doing absolutely nothing all night but sleep, you will wake up lighter.
This is not about bathroom stuff. If you awaken and weigh yourself even before going to the toilet, you will still be lighter than when you went to bed. Why?
Where Does The Weight Go?
My first thought was "sweat." Maybe you sweat when you sleep, so some of your water weight disappears as water vapor. Turns out, that's true. That's part of the explanation ? but not the fascinating part.
Derek Muller, a physics teacher in Perth, Australia, and host of one of my favorite science blogs, Veritasium, came up with the full answer, and it's so surprising, so simple, it feels like one of those No Fuss, No Muss, Miracle Cures they talk about on late night television.
This is like the Sting song, "Every breath you take ... " All night long, every time you breathe out, a bunch of carbon atoms, formerly inside your body, leave your insides and take off into the night air. You breathe in oxygen, O2. You breathe out carbon dioxide, (two oxygen atoms with a carbon atom attached), so there's an extra carbon atom leaving in every round trip.
Each of those carbon atoms weighs almost nothing, a fraction of a fraction of a gram. But every breath expels roughly 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, or ten billion trillion atoms, so add up all the atoms coming from all the breaths you take all night long ... and ? could it be this simple? ? you wake up carbon-depleted, more than a pound lighter.
Amazing.
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Driver Matt Kenseth, left, walks from the garage following practice for Sunday's NASCAR Sprint Cup series STP 400 auto race at Kansas Speedway in Kansas City, Kan., Saturday, April 20, 2013. (AP Photo/Orlin Wagner)
Driver Matt Kenseth, left, walks from the garage following practice for Sunday's NASCAR Sprint Cup series STP 400 auto race at Kansas Speedway in Kansas City, Kan., Saturday, April 20, 2013. (AP Photo/Orlin Wagner)
Driver Matt Kenseth (20) leads into a turn during a NASCAR Sprint Cup race at Kansas Speedway in Kansas City, Kan., Sunday, April 21, 2013. (AP Photo/Colin E. Braley)
RICHMOND, Va. (AP) ? Matt Kenseth says NASCAR's penalties against his team are "grossly unfair" and "borderline shameful."
Kenseth's team was hit with some of the harshest penalties NASCAR has handed out Wednesday after his race-winning engine at Kansas failed the post-race inspection. He says one of eight connecting rods on the engine was too light ? by 2.7 grams.
Kenseth was docked 50 driver points in the standings ? two more than he earned for the victory. But he says he's angrier about the penalties given to Gibbs and crew chief Jason Ratcliff. Both were suspended six weeks.
Gibbs also had his owner points frozen, and Ratcliff was fined $200,000.
The points penalty dropped Kenseth from eighth to 14th in the standings.
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MADRID, April 25 (Reuters) - Liverpool goalkeeper Pepe Reina said the 10-match ban given to his team mate Luis Suarez for biting an opponent was 'absurd' and 'excessive'. Uruguay international Suarez was punished on Wednesday by the English Football Association (FA) after he bit the arm of Chelsea defender Branislav Ivanovic at the weekend. "He knows he is in the wrong, and that it was a mistake, but the 10-game punishment seems absurd to me, excessive and unfair," Spanish international Reina was quoted as telling radio station Cadena Cope by sports daily AS on Thursday. ...
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/samsung-enterprise-ambitions-put-hold-knox-security-software-231038568.html
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By Khettiya Jittapong
BANGKOK (Reuters) - Thailand's richest man has made a $6.6 billion offer to buy cash-and-carry wholesaler Siam Makro Pcl
The country's biggest convenience store chain CP All Pcl
Other companies that earlier showed interest in Siam Makro included Berli Jucker Pcl
"CP All is the only bidder to offer the price. It seems like the deal was done before other bidders joined the bid," said a source with direct knowledge of the offer, speaking on condition of anonymity as the deal was confidential.
CP All's offer represents a 15.4 percent premium to Siam Makro's last traded price on Friday, before its shares were halted on Monday pending an announcement.
CP All's $6.6 billion offer for Siam Makro would be the biggest retail M&A in the world this year, and double the size of No. 2 deal, according to Thomson Reuters data.
CP All, one of host of Thai companies sitting on vast cash piles and able to borrow money cheaply, will fund the majority of the acquisition with debt and does not plan to issue new shares, the company said. Dhanin's Ping An stake buy was part-funded with a $5 billion plus loan from UBS
CP All said the deal would allow the combined firm to use the Makro brand and its properties, and to exercise greater power negotiating prices with suppliers and distributors.
Siam Makro, controlled by privately held Dutch trading house SHV Holdings, has 58 Makro-branded outlets in Thailand, mainly selling food in bulk to hotels, restaurants and smaller retail outlets. It made a 2012 net profit of 3.56 billion baht, up 36 percent year on year, but it has been the country's slowest-expanding retailer as a result of stricter rules on large-sized stores.
RISING COMPETITION
Competition for Thai shoppers' business has intensified since the Chirathiwat family, which owns the country's largest retailer Central Group, bought a stake in the local unit of Japanese-based Family Mart last year.
Lawson Inc , Japan's second-largest convenience store chain, has also formed a joint venture with Saha Pattanapibul Pcl
Siam Makro has a market value of $5.7 billion. An offer at or near that price would be the largest domestic acquisition in Thailand's retail sector.
Thai companies have stuck a string of deals recently, helped by cheap bank debt and surging share prices. That took Thai M&A volume to a record $25.9 billion last year.
CP All holds more cash than all but one Southeast Asian retailer, according to Thomson Reuters data, with $1.15 billion in cash and equivalents, just behind SM Investments
The joint lead arrangers for financing of the deal for CP All are HSBC
Earlier on Tuesday CP All asked for its shares to be suspending pending an announcement. CP All said its board had approved an acquisition that may have an impact on its share price.
Its shares dropped nearly 6 percent on Monday amid expectations it would buy a stake in Siam Makro, raising concern about the need to raise funds.
($1 = 28.6850 Thai baht)
(Addition reporting by Elzio Barreto in HONG KONG, Saranya Suksomkij in BANGKOK, Saeed Azhar in SINGAPORE and Prakash Chakravati at Basis Point; Writing by Denny Thomas; Editing by Alan Raybould and Daniel Magnowski)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/thai-tycoon-launches-6-6-billion-buyout-kick-051104519--finance.html
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Public release date: 23-Apr-2013
Share ] Contact: Beata Jungselius
beata.jungselius@gu.se
46-735-080-888
University of Gothenburg
The photo-sharing application Instagram is used by millions of people around the world daily. In the media, the social media phenomenon is sometimes dismissed as trivial pastime. However, according to a fresh study at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, a lot of effort often goes into a picture before it is shared.
In study, which was conducted by three researchers from the University of Gothenburg, investigated how visitors at the Gothenburg Museum of Natural History used their cellphones during a visit. Through ethnographic field studies the researchers examined how visitors documented and shared their experiences.
The study in itself is one of a kind. Since Instagram is a relatively new service, the body of research with in the area is still thin. Furthermore, the combination of Instragram and museums was previously unexplored.
"There are studies that have looked at how museum visitors use technology developed by the museums themselves, such as for example touchscreens or mobile applications. But we are among the first to investigate how visitors use their own mobile technology in the museum environment," says Post-Doc Thomas Hillman, one of the three researchers behind the study.
When the researchers analyzed the data they had collected, they were able to determine that visitors often upload many pictures from the museum during their visit, and that many of these pictures are carefully planned and edited.
"There is a conception that Instagram is used to post mostly of self-portraits and pictures of food, which can be perceived as shallow, but our research shows that there is a lot effort behind many of the pictures," says PhD Student Beata Jungselius.
The study also indicates that smart phones have changed the way we share our experiences.
"We used to document places and events by taking pictures with cameras, which we would then print and share with our closest friends. Then cellphone with cameras with introduced, and as these have evolved, along with the breakthrough of Facebook and Instagram, our way of sharing our experiences has changed," says Associate Professor Alexandra Weilenmann.
###
The study, Instagram at the museum - Communicating the museum experience through social photo sharing, will be presented at the internationally renowned The ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems at the end of April.
Photo: Kristina Blom
For more information about the study, please contact:
Beata Jungselius, Department of Applied IT
E-mail: beata.jungselius@gu.se
Phone: +46-735- 08 08 88
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Public release date: 23-Apr-2013 Share ] Contact: Beata Jungselius
beata.jungselius@gu.se
46-735-080-888
University of Gothenburg
The photo-sharing application Instagram is used by millions of people around the world daily. In the media, the social media phenomenon is sometimes dismissed as trivial pastime. However, according to a fresh study at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, a lot of effort often goes into a picture before it is shared.
In study, which was conducted by three researchers from the University of Gothenburg, investigated how visitors at the Gothenburg Museum of Natural History used their cellphones during a visit. Through ethnographic field studies the researchers examined how visitors documented and shared their experiences.
The study in itself is one of a kind. Since Instagram is a relatively new service, the body of research with in the area is still thin. Furthermore, the combination of Instragram and museums was previously unexplored.
"There are studies that have looked at how museum visitors use technology developed by the museums themselves, such as for example touchscreens or mobile applications. But we are among the first to investigate how visitors use their own mobile technology in the museum environment," says Post-Doc Thomas Hillman, one of the three researchers behind the study.
When the researchers analyzed the data they had collected, they were able to determine that visitors often upload many pictures from the museum during their visit, and that many of these pictures are carefully planned and edited.
"There is a conception that Instagram is used to post mostly of self-portraits and pictures of food, which can be perceived as shallow, but our research shows that there is a lot effort behind many of the pictures," says PhD Student Beata Jungselius.
The study also indicates that smart phones have changed the way we share our experiences.
"We used to document places and events by taking pictures with cameras, which we would then print and share with our closest friends. Then cellphone with cameras with introduced, and as these have evolved, along with the breakthrough of Facebook and Instagram, our way of sharing our experiences has changed," says Associate Professor Alexandra Weilenmann.
###
The study, Instagram at the museum - Communicating the museum experience through social photo sharing, will be presented at the internationally renowned The ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems at the end of April.
Photo: Kristina Blom
For more information about the study, please contact:
Beata Jungselius, Department of Applied IT
E-mail: beata.jungselius@gu.se
Phone: +46-735- 08 08 88
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-04/uog-im042313.php
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By Edith Honan
NEW YORK (Reuters) - New York City took the first step on Monday in outlawing sales of cigarettes to anyone under age 21, in an effort to reduce smoking among the age group in which most smokers take up the habit.
The bill, which was introduced by the City Council and has the backing of Mayor Michael Bloomberg, would make New York City, which already has the highest cigarette taxes in the nation, the first big city or state to set the smoking age at 21. Currently, individuals must be 18 to buy cigarettes.
Eight in 10 adult smokers in the city started smoking regularly when they were below the age of 21, and most smokers who are under age 18 obtain cigarettes from individuals who are just a few years older than them, city officials said.
While an increase in cigarette taxes contributed to a 15-point drop among youth smokers from 1999 to 2007, the number of high-school-aged smokers has held steady at about 8.5 percent over the last six years.
Cigarette packs sold in New York City currently carry a state tax of $4.35 and a city tax of $1.50 - making it the most expensive city in the nation to be a smoker.
"Too many adult smokers begin this deadly habit before age 21," City Council Speaker Christine Quinn said. "By delaying our city's children and young adults access to lethal tobacco products, we're decreasing the likelihood they ever start smoking, and thus, creating a healthier city."
The bill marks the latest effort in the city's decade-long fight to discourage smoking, which the city's health commissioner, Thomas Farley, said was the most significant cause of preventable death in the city. In 2003, Bloomberg outlawed smoking in bars and restaurants, and smoking has since been banned in other public places, including parks.
Quinn, who is running to become the city's next mayor, made clear that she would continue Bloomberg's aggressive public health agenda - which has led his detractors to dub him the "nanny mayor."
MOST TOBACCO USE STARTS IN ADOLESCENCE
While most of the city's anti-smoking initiatives have originated with Bloomberg, the mayor did not join Quinn in making the announcement on Monday, instead sending Farley to say that the mayor looks forward to signing the bill into law.
Every U.S. state prohibits retailers from selling tobacco products to minors and in most states the smoking age is set at 18. Four states - Alabama, Alaska, New Jersey and Utah - require that a cigarette purchaser be at least 19 years old.
In New York, Nassau and Suffolk counties on Long Island have already boosted their legal age for buying cigarettes and other tobacco products to 19.
Nearly all tobacco use starts in childhood and adolescence, according to the 2012 report by the U.S. Surgeon General, which declared smoking a "pediatric epidemic" both in the United States and globally.
According to the report, 99 percent of all first use of tobacco occurs by age 26. The report also found that if youth and young adults manage to avoid smoking or other tobacco products, very few will begin smoking after that age.
Evidence suggests that once youth start smoking, many find it hard to quit. Of all adult cigarette smokers in the United States who smoke daily, 88 percent started smoking by age 18, according to the report.
Currently, about one out of four seniors in high school - youth aged 17 or 18 - smoke on a regular basis. Among those who continue smoking, half will die 13 years earlier than non-smoking peers.
It was not immediately clear how the tobacco industry would respond to the proposed legislation, which Quinn said she hoped would become a model for the rest of the country.
"Our companies follow the law whatever it is in any jurisdiction," said Jane Seccombe, spokeswoman for Reynolds American Inc, the parent company of R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co, American Snuff Co and Santa Fe Natural Tobacco Co. "We believe no minors, however they're classified in those jurisdictions, should be able to access tobacco products."
She declined to comment on any potential sales impact from changes in the minimum age.
(Reporting by Edith Honan; Additional reporting by Julie Steenhuysen, Barbara Goldberg and Martinne Geller; Editing by Jeffrey Benkoe, Cynthia Johnston and Marguerita Choy)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/york-city-aims-ban-cigarette-sales-under-age-142530178--sector.html
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The US International Trade Commission has sided with Apple (PDF) in a patent lawsuit brought by Google and Motorola Mobility that challenged a proximity sensor feature on the iPhone 4, Bloomberg reports.
The commission issued a finding of no violation on Monday and terminated the investigation.
Motorola originally filed the complaint in 2010. A judge had found Apple in violation of one of Motorola?s patents in an initial ruling, but the commission overruled the finding and cleared Apple.
The legal dispute between Apple and Motorola has gone on for almost three years, but it hasn?t reached the same level of drama as the Apple vs. Samsung dispute. Google managed to purchase Motorola in the midst of the disagreement, bringing the two companies in head-to-head conflict.
However, Motorola has lost some momentum after facing investigations into its use of standards-committed patents in legal action against Apple.
Update:?Motorola has issued a brief statement on the decision:
?We?re disappointed with this outcome and are evaluating our options.?
Photo credit:?Michael Nagle/Getty Images
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Source: http://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2013/04/facebook-home-problems/
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Actress follows Oscar win for 'Les Misérables' with a leading role in her first science-fiction film.
By Todd Gilchrist
Anne Hathaway
Photo: Christopher Polk/ Getty Images
Source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1705277/anne-hathaway-christopher-nolan-interstellar.jhtml
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To ring in this year's Holocaust Memorial Day, the classy hackers at Anonymous took down a bunch of Israeli government websites on Sunday and say they caused over $3 billion in damage. But they didn't totally get away with it. Within a few hours of the attack which Anonymous says affected 100,000 websites, 40,000 Facebook pages, 5,000 Twitter accounts and 30,000 bank accounts, an Israeli hacker broke into the website that Anonymous had set up for the attack, dubbed Operation Israel. ...
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/amazon-x-ray-aims-end-unidentified-actor-angst-033208936.html
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Apr. 7, 2013 ? Vemurafenib-resistant tumors in patients with melanoma showed reduced growth after cessation of treatment, and in animal models, drug resistance was prevented by intermittent treatment, according to data presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013, held in Washington, D.C., April 6-10.
"It was exciting to witness the discovery of BRAF mutations in melanoma and the translation of this discovery into an effective therapy with vemurafenib," said Darrin Stuart, Ph.D., senior research investigator at the Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research in Emeryville, Calif. "It was, however, disappointing to see patients stop responding to such a promising therapy after six to eight months of treatment."
BRAF mutations are found in more than half of all cases of melanoma, and previous studies have shown vemurafenib increases survival for these patients, according to Stuart. However, most patients relapse with lethal, drug-resistant disease.
In a previous study to investigate the mechanisms causing melanomas to become resistant to vemurafenib, Stuart and his colleagues grew patient-derived tumors expressing BRAF mutations in mice and demonstrated that not only do these tumors develop vemurafenib resistance, but they become dependent on the drug to grow. Tumors stopped growing and regressed after cessation of the drug in these animals.
To evaluate whether the drug dependency observed in animals is seen in humans as well, Stuart and his team collaborated with colleagues who evaluated 42 patients with vemurafenib-resistant tumors at the Royal Marsden Hospital in London, United Kingdom. Computed tomography scans of the tumors taken after cessation of treatment were available for 19 patients. Of these patients, 14 showed a decrease in the rate of their tumor growth.
"This is the first evidence that the drug-addicted state that we observed in our mouse models may also occur in humans," said Stuart.
He and his colleagues also implanted mice with human patient-derived tumors and treated them with vemurafenib either continuously or intermittently -- four weeks on and two weeks off. They found that none of the tumors in animals assigned to intermittent dosing developed drug resistance.
"Continuous dosing maintained the selective pressure required for the few surviving tumor cells to develop resistance, and alternating the selective pressure through intermittent dosing appeared to prevent the evolution and expansion of resistant cells," said Stuart. "This study provides insight into how vemurafenib-resistant tumors evolve. Alternative dose regimens could prolong the durability of response to vemurafenib in BRAF-mutant melanoma."
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by American Association for Cancer Research (AACR).
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
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Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/VxAgGzoGWXM/130407183553.htm
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Scientists have found a way to "read" dreams, a study suggests.
Researchers in Japan used MRI scans to predict the images that people were seeing as they entered into an early stage of sleep.
Writing in the journal Science, they reported that they could do this with 60% accuracy.
The team now wants to see if brain activity can be used to predict other aspects of dreaming, such as the emotions experienced during sleep.
Professor Yukiyasu Kamitani, from the ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, in Kyoto, said: "I had a strong belief that dream decoding should be possible at least for particular aspects of dreaming... I was not very surprised by the results, but excited."
Brain wave
People have been trying to decipher dreams since ancient Egyptian times, but the researchers who have carried out this study have found a more direct way to tap into our nighttime visions.
The team used MRI scans to monitor three people as they slept.
Just as the volunteers started to fall asleep inside the scanners, they were woken up and asked to recount what they had seen.
Each image mentioned, from bronze statues to keys and ice picks, was noted, no matter how surreal.
This was repeated more than 200 times for each participant.
The researchers used the results to build a database, where they grouped together objects into similar visual categories. For example, hotel, house and building were grouped together as "structures".
The scientists then scanned the volunteers again, but this time, while they were awake and looking at images on a computer screen.
With this, they were able to see the specific patterns of brain activity that correlated with the visual imagery.
Dream machines?
During the next round of sleep tests, by monitoring the brain scans the researchers could predict what the volunteers were seeing in their dreams. They were able to assess which broad category the images were in with 60% accuracy.
Continue reading the main storyEnd Quote Dr Mark Stokes University of OxfordThe difficult thing is to work out the systematic mapping between the brain activity and the phenomena?
"We were able to reveal dream content from brain activity during sleep, which was consistent with the subjects' verbal reports," explained Professor Kamitani.
The researchers now want to look at deeper sleep, where the most vivid dreams are thought to occur, as well as see whether brain scans can help them to predict emotions, smells, colours and actions that people experience as they sleep.
Dr Mark Stokes, a cognitive neuroscientist from the University of Oxford, said it was an "exciting" piece of research that brought us closer to the concept of dream-reading machines.
"It's obviously a long way off, but there is no reason why not in principle. The difficult thing is to work out the systematic mapping between the brain activity and the phenomena," he explained.
However, he added that a single dream-reading system would not work for everyone.
"All of this would have to be done within individual subjects. So you would never be able build a general classifier that could read anybody's dreams. They will all be idiosyncratic to the individual, so the brain activity will never be general across subjects," he said.
"You would never be able to build something that could read other peoples thoughts without them knowing about it, for example."
Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-22031074#sa-ns_mchannel=rss&ns_source=PublicRSS20-sa
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The good news is that Jonny Venters? trip to see Dr. James Andrews hasn?t resulted in elbow surgery.
The bad news is that Andrews injected Venters? elbow with platelet-rich plasma and the Braves left-hander has been shut down for four weeks.
Mark Bowman of MLB.com reports that Venters would then begin a throwing program, which likely means he?s at least six weeks away from potentially getting back on a mound and seemingly rules him out for all of April and May.
Atlanta has the bullpen depth to handle Venters? absence, but he?s definitely a huge loss after posting a 2.23 ERA and 258 strikeouts in 230 innings through his first three seasons. During that three-year span Venters made 230 appearances, which was the second-most in baseball.
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SEATTLE (AP) ? In an odd combination of old and new, Amazon says that every time a person buys a vinyl record from its online store, it will give that customer a digital version of the songs for free.
The feature, called AutoRip, was launched in January for CDs. The company has said it has boosted music sales. Digital songs are stored in the customer's online storage account with Amazon. Songs received this way don't count against that customer's storage limit.
The new offer, announced Wednesday, extends to any physical albums bought on Amazon since 1998.
The digital songs can be played on a variety of devices, including Amazon.com Inc.'s Kindle Fire tablets, Android phones and tablets, and Apple Inc.'s iPads and iPhones.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/amazon-offers-digital-songs-vinyl-record-buyers-153923625.html
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Samuel Morse
Samuel Morse was an inventor,?contributing?to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system based on European telegraphs and he was a co-inventor of the Morse code. He was also an accomplished painter.?Morse had gone to England for three years to perfect his painting techniques and by the end of 1811 he gained admittance to the Royal Academy. After observing and practicing life drawing and absorbing its anatomical demands at the academy he produced his masterpiece, Dying Hercules. To some, the painting seemed to represent a political statement against the British and also the American Federalists.?
He started pursuing a means of rapid long distance communication because he was unaware of his wife?s failing health and her lonely death for days do to the current way of communication of a horse messenger. He had witnessed various experiments with Charles Thomas Jackson?s electromagnets which helped him develop the concept of a single-wire telegraph. The original Morse telegraph is part of the collections of the National Museum of American History at the Smithsonian Institution. With the help of Professor Leonard Gale, who taught chemistry at New York University, Morse introduced extra circuits of relays at frequent intervals and was soon able to send a message?through?ten?miles?of wire instead of just a few hundred yards.?In time the Morse code would become the primary language of telegraphy in the world, and is still the standard for rhythmic transmission data.
Original Morse telegraph
Samuel Finley Breese Morse was born on April 27, 1791 in Charlestown, Massachusetts to Jedidiah Morse and Elizabeth Ann Finley Breese. Jedidiah was a preacher of the Calvinist faith and supporter of the American Federalist party. He thought it helped preserve Puritan traditions and believed in the Federalist support of an alliance with Britain and a strong central government. ?He?was a notable geographer whose textbooks became a staple for students in the United States. He made significant contributions to Dobson?s?Encyclopedia, the first encyclopedia published in the United States after the American Revolution.? He became a pastor in Charlestown, Massachusetts and served until 1820. Throughout his life he was occupied with religious controversy, and in upholding the faith of the New England church against the assaults of Unitarianism.?
Jedidiah Morse painting by Samuel Morse
Sidney Edwards Morse was Samuel?s brother who was a geographer, journalist and also an inventor. He became a contributor to the Columbian Centinel?of Boston, writing a series of articles that illustrated the danger of the American Union from an undue multiplication of new states in the south, and showing that it would give to a sectional minority the control of the government. He moved to New York in 1823 and founded the New York Observer?with his brother Richard Cary Morse. The newspaper became the oldest religious newspaper in New York and the oldest weekly newspaper in New York City. Sidney remained as senior editor and proprietor until 1858 when he retired.
Samuel?s maternal great grandfather and namesake was?Reverend Samuel Finley who founded the West Nottingham Academy and was the fifth president and an original trustee of the College of New Jersey (now known as Princeton University) from 1761-1766.
Check out Samuel Morse?s family tree and see how you may be related!
See all posts by Hiromimarie
Source: http://www.geni.com/blog/family-tree-tuesday-samuel-morse-379769.html
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Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/GearFactor/~3/ralq1vBkKCY/
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?Marketing Your Small Business Online: 39 Essential Tools for ?39 Essential Tools for Marketing Your Small Business Online. Published 05/20/ 2009. Thousands of online marketing tools clamor for attention, with new ones ?
www.seo-advantage.com/seo-topics/30-marketing-tools.php ? ?HOW TO: Market Your Small Business With No BudgetMay 19, 2010 ? HOW TO: Market Your Small Business With No Budget ? thousands of views for its online marketing video series for small business on YouTube ?
mashable.com/2010/05/19/market-business-no-budget/ ?
?Inc.com?s Marketing Guide: How to Advertise Your Small Business OnlineSmall business marketing tips as well as internet marketing advice and guides from Inc.com.
www.inc.com ? ?
?Marketing Basics ? 10 Low Cost Marketing Solutions | Microsoft ?Joanna L. Krotz writes about small-business marketing and management issues. ?. online bulletin boards that are relevant to your business and audience. ?
www.microsoft.com/business/?/marketing/?/low-cost-marketing.aspx ?
?4 ways to market your business online ? Jun. 5, 2007Jun 5, 2007 ? 4 ways to market your business online. You can?t expect to compete as a small business today without taking advantage of online marketing ?
money.cnn.com/2007/?/online.marketing.fsb/
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?30 Free Ways To Market Your Small Business Site ? Search Engine ?Mar 18, 2008 ? 30 Free Ways To Market Your Small Business Site. by Carrie Hill ? March 18, ? Join a forum and contribute to your online community. ?
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?Small Business News: Marketing Your Online Business Like Arianna ?Feb 7, 2011 ? With the announcement today that online media giant AOL will buy the Huffington Post for $315 mi?
www.businessinsider.com/small-business-news-marketing-your-online- business-like-arianna-huffington-2011-2 -
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A once-promising approach for using next-generation, ultra-intense lasers to help deliver commercially viable fusion energy has been brought into serious question by new experimental results and first-of-a-kind simulations of laser-plasma interaction.
Researchers at The Ohio State University are evaluating a two-stage process in which a pellet of fusion fuel is first crushed by lasers on all sides, shrinking the pellet to dozens of times its original size, followed by an ultra-intense burst of laser light to ignite a chain reaction. This two-stage approach is called Fast Ignition, and there are a few variants on the theme. In a recent paper, the Ohio State research group considered the long-discussed possibility of using a hollow cone to maintain a channel for the ultra-intense "ignitor pulse" to focus laser energy on the compressed pellet core. Drawing on both experimental results from studies at the Titan Laser at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California, and massively-parallel computer simulations of the laser-target interaction performed at the Ohio Supercomputer Center (OSC) in Columbus, Ohio, the research team found compelling evidence that the cone-guided approach to Fast Ignition has a serious flaw.
"In the history of fusion research, two-steps-forward and one-step-back stories are a common theme," said Chris Orban, Ph.D., a researcher of the High Energy Density Physics research group at Ohio State and the lead theorist on the project. "But sometimes progress is about seeing what's not going to work, just as much as it is looking forward to the next big idea."
Since the ultra-intense pulse delivers energy to the fuel through relativistic electrons accelerated by the laser interaction, the Ohio State study focused on the coupling of the laser light to electrons and the propagation of those electrons through the cone target. Rather than investigating how the interaction would work on a high-demand, high-cost facility like the National Ignition Facility (NIF), which is also based at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and one of the largest scientific operations in the world, the researchers considered experiments just across from NIF at the Titan laser, which is much smaller and easily accessible.
Despite its size and despite having lower total energy, for a brief moment the Titan laser is many thousands of times more intense than NIF, which makes it a decent stand-in as a second-stage ignitor pulse. The OSU-led experimental team focused the Titan pulse on hollow cone targets attached at the tip to copper wires and observed the burst of X-ray photons coming from the copper as a measure of the laser energy to relativistic electron conversion efficiency.
The X-ray signal was much lower from the hollow cones with thicker cone walls. "This was strong evidence to the experimental team that the typical approach to cone-guided Fast Ignition wouldn't work, since thicker cones should be more realistic than thin cones," said Orban. "This is because electrons are free to move around in a dense plasma, much like they do in a normal metal, so the thicker cone target is like a thin cone embedded in a dense plasma."
These intuitions were tested in simulations performed at OSC. Whereas earlier efforts to simulate the laser-target interaction were forced to simplify or shrink the target size in order to make the calculations more feasible, Orban used the LSP code to perform the first-ever, full-scale 2D Particle-In-Cell simulations of the entire laser-target interaction using fully realistic laser fields.
These simulations also included a sophisticated model for the pre-heating of the target from stray laser light ahead of the ultra-intense pulse developed by collaborators at the Flash Center for Computational Science at the University of Chicago.
"We were delighted to help Chris use the FLASH code to provide realistic initial conditions for his Particle-In-Cell simulations," said Don Lamb, director of the Flash Center. "This is an outstanding example of how two groups can collaborate to achieve a scientific result that neither could have achieved alone."
To conduct the simulations, the Ohio State researchers accessed OSC's flagship Oakley Cluster supercomputer system. The HP-built system features 8,300+ Intel Xeon cores and 128 NVIDIA Tesla GPUs. Oakley can achieve 88 teraflops, tech-speak for performing 88 trillion calculations per second, or, with acceleration from the NVIDIA GPUs, a total peak performance of 154 teraflops.
"The simulations pointed to the electric fields building up on the edge of the cone as the key to everything," said Orban. "The thicker the cone is, the further away the cone edge is from the laser, and as a result fewer energetic electrons are deflected forward, which is the crucial issue in making cone-guided Fast Ignition a viable approach."
With both the experiment and the simulations telling the same story, the evidence is compelling that the cone-guided route to Fast Ignition is an unlikely one. While other studies have come to similar conclusions, the group was the first to identify the plasma surrounding the cone as a severe hindrance. Thankfully, there are still many other ideas for successfully igniting the fusion pellet with current or soon-to-be-constructed laser facilities. Any future efforts to spark fusion reactions with these lasers using a two-stage fast-ignition approach must be mindful to consider the neutralizing effect of the free electrons in the dense plasma.
"We could not have completed this project without the Oakley Cluster," Orban noted. "It was the perfect combination of speed and RAM and availability for us. And thanks to the profiling I was able to do, the compute time for our production runs went from two weeks in November 2011 to three or four days as of February 2012."
"Energy and the environment is one of the primary focus areas of the center, and this research fits perfectly into that domain," said Brian Guilfoos, the client and technology support manager for OSC. "Many of our systems were designed and software packages selected to best support the type of computing required by investigators working in fields related to our focus areas."
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The paper describing the study, "Coupling of high-intensity laser light to fast electrons in cone-guided fast ignition," was recently published in Physical Review E, a journal of the American Physical Society.
Ohio Supercomputer Center: http://www.osc.edu
Thanks to Ohio Supercomputer Center for this article.
This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.
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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/127477/Simulations_uncover_obstacle_to_harnessing_laser_driven_fusion
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Rory McIlroy walks past autograph-seeking fans as he heads to the first tee during the pro-am for the Houston Open golf tournament, Wednesday, March 27, 2013, in Houston. (AP Photo/Houston Chronicle, Brett Coomer) MANDATORY CREDIT
Rory McIlroy walks past autograph-seeking fans as he heads to the first tee during the pro-am for the Houston Open golf tournament, Wednesday, March 27, 2013, in Houston. (AP Photo/Houston Chronicle, Brett Coomer) MANDATORY CREDIT
Rory McIlroy tees off on the second hole during the pro-am for the Houston Open golf tournament, Wednesday, March 27, 2013, in Houston. (AP Photo/Houston Chronicle, Brett Coomer) MANDATORY CREDIT
HUMBLE, Texas (AP) ? Once the frost thawed, Rory McIlroy was back at work Wednesday morning trying to find a swing he could trust and repeat.
McIlroy hasn't looked anything like the No. 1 player in golf this year, and now he's not. That spot belongs to Tiger Woods again after winning for the third time in two months to establish himself as the favorite going into the Masters.
None of this bothers McIlroy.
He is more concerned with the path of his swing than the mathematical average of his ranking. He wants to win whenever he plays, though there is pragmatic side to the 23-year-old from Northern Ireland. He still hasn't made the cut against a full field this year.
That makes the Houston Open more than just a final tuneup for the first major of the year. It's a place to measure progress.
"I want to get back to getting into contention in tournaments and trying to win," McIlroy said. "I think this is a good week to try and get into contention, have a chance with the Masters coming up. I'm just really focused on this week in Houston and trying to play well here."
McIlroy is part of a strong field at the Houston Open, where the tournament tries to give players a taste of what they might see in two weeks. The greens are fast and pure, with several closely mown collection areas that allow for a variety of shots around the green.
The Houston Open thought it was getting the No. 1 player in the world when McIlroy signed up to play Redstone Golf Club in January. It still has five of the top 10 players, including Steve Stricker, Brandt Snedeker, Louis Oosthuizen and Steve Stricker.
And it has Phil Mickelson, who likes Houston so much that he would rather be here than his usual schedule of playing the week before the Masters. Because the Masters is a week later than usual based on the calendar ? it always ends on the second Sunday of April ? the Texas Open was given the spot a week before Augusta.
That change worked out well for McIlroy, who wants to be in Augusta the weekend before the Masters.
"I thought it fit in really nicely," McIlroy said.
Far more important is what follows over the next few days. Under more scrutiny than he had ever faced ? a new place in the game, a new equipment deal with Nike ? McIlroy tripped badly coming out of the blocks. He missed the cut in Abu Dhabi. He lost in the first round of the Match Play Championship. Frustration boiled over to the point that he walked out in the second round of the Honda Classic.
Optimism came from Doral, a World Golf Championship event with no cut. McIlroy not only broke par for the first time all year, he closed with a 65 to crack the top 10. And then he took off for two more weeks, spending part of that time with tennis girlfriend Caroline Wozniacki in Key Biscayne, Fla., and hitting balls at a public course in Miami.
McIlroy was spotted hitting balls with a carry bag (decked out in Manchester United logos) next to other paying customers at Miami Municipal Golf Course. It was rare to see a player with McIlroy's credentials ? still No. 1 in the world with two major championships ? in such a public setting.
He didn't understand all the fuss. McIlroy still sees himself as normal.
And in his normal world, he is bound to hit the kind of rough patches he is going through now. And he looked like a regular guy Wednesday morning, sitting in a booth inside the caddie trailer having breakfast with his coach and his caddie, watching sports on TV, perfectly content with his world.
"We go through highs and lows. It's just sport and that's golf," McIlroy said Tuesday during his press conference. "You're going to have patches where you play great and have patches where you struggle a little bit. I guess you've just got to take the rough ... be patient and know that you're working on right things."
This should be a good week to figure out where he is.
Success at the Houston Open when it was the week before the Masters didn't guarantee a big week at Augusta.
Hunter Mahan, the defending champion at Redstone, tied for 12th last year. Mickelson made 18 birdies on the weekend at Houston in 2011 and followed with his worst Masters finish in 14 years. Anthony Kim won Houston and tied for third at the Masters, helped by a 65 on the last day, though he never had a serious chance to win. Paul Casey won in 2009 and didn't break par at Augusta until the final round.
For McIlroy, it's all about taking baby steps closer to where he knows he can be.
Even though he hasn't won a green jacket, Augusta National is McIlroy's kind of place. It wasn't an accident that he had a four-shot lead going into the final round in 2011. And last year, he was one shot out of the lead until he crashed on the weekend.
And while he hasn't played in two weeks, he had least has some positive memories from his most recent round.
"The things that I'm trying to work on are definitely becoming a lot more comfortable," McIlroy said. "I've seen enough good signs. The weekend at Doral was great and the way I've been hitting the ball recently. I've just got to keep working on it and keep working on it and ... I definitely feel like it's going in the right direction."
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Conclusion
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Chirag Suri is the Co-director and business development Head at Cyber Flavors. Being a chief at an Internet marketing firm, I love to share and receive all digital industry-related information to remain updated with all latest news and trends.
